While security has improved in recent years, Somalia remains a high-risk destination. Travelers should exercise extreme caution, avoid non-essential travel to most areas, and consult their government's travel advisories. Mogadishu and other major cities have seen increased stability, but threats from terrorism and crime persist. It's crucial to hire reputable local guides, use armored vehicles, and stay informed about the current security situation.

Travelers to Somalia should be up-to-date on routine vaccinations, including measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, varicella, and polio. Additionally, hepatitis A and typhoid vaccinations are recommended. Depending on your itinerary and activities, you may also need vaccinations for hepatitis B, cholera, and yellow fever. Malaria prophylaxis is strongly advised, as the disease is prevalent throughout the country. Consult a travel health specialist at least 4-6 weeks before your trip for personalized advice.

The best time to visit Somalia is during the cooler, drier months from November to February. This period offers more comfortable temperatures and less rainfall, making it ideal for exploring the country's coastal areas and historical sites. The hot and humid season from March to May, and the rainy seasons from April to June and October to November, can make travel more challenging. However, if you're interested in wildlife viewing, the rainy seasons can be good for observing migratory birds and lush landscapes.

Despite its challenges, Somalia offers unique attractions for adventurous travelers. Mogadishu's Lido Beach is known for its beautiful coastline and vibrant atmosphere. The ancient port city of Berbera in Somaliland features Ottoman architecture and a historic lighthouse. The Las Geel cave complex near Hargeisa contains some of the best-preserved rock art in Africa. Nature enthusiasts might enjoy the Daallo Forest in the Sanaag region, home to diverse flora and fauna. The ancient city of Zeila, with its ruins dating back to the 7th century, is another noteworthy historical site.

Somalia is a conservative Muslim country, and visitors should dress modestly to respect local customs. Women should wear loose-fitting clothes that cover the arms, legs, and hair, especially in rural areas. Men should avoid shorts and sleeveless shirts. In more liberal urban areas like Mogadishu, dress codes may be slightly relaxed, but it's still advisable to err on the side of modesty. During Ramadan, it's particularly important to dress conservatively and be mindful of local customs.