More about hotels in Mumbuni North
Discover Mumbuni North: Kenya's Emerging Hub for Global Explorers
Mumbuni North, a region within Kenya, offers a compelling blend of authentic local culture and developing infrastructure that appeals to a diverse range of international travellers. Unlike the more established tourist trails, Mumbuni North provides an opportunity to experience a more genuine slice of Kenyan life, with its unique traditions, burgeoning local economy, and a welcoming atmosphere. For those seeking to venture beyond the typical safari circuits, this region presents a chance to connect with the heart of Kenya, exploring its natural beauty and the warmth of its people in a setting that feels both accessible and refreshingly uncrowded.
The character of Mumbuni North is not monolithic; it is a mosaic of distinct neighbourhoods, each offering a different flavour of the region. From the bustling commercial centre of Machakos Central to the serene landscapes of Mua and the developing areas of Muvuti/Kiima-Kimwe, the choice of where to base yourself significantly shapes your experience. Understanding these nuances allows travellers to tailor their visit, whether they seek the convenience of urban amenities, the tranquility of rural settings, or a balance of both, ensuring that Mumbuni North can cater to a wide array of preferences.
With an average nightly rate that positions it as a highly attractive value destination, Mumbuni North presents a significant advantage for budget-conscious travellers from the Philippines, as well as those from the United States, Europe, and India. The cost of accommodation and daily expenses here is considerably lower than in many Western or even some Asian destinations, allowing for extended stays or the allocation of more resources towards experiences and local exploration. This affordability makes Mumbuni North an accessible entry point into East African travel for a broad spectrum of international visitors.
The accommodation landscape in Mumbuni North is as varied as its terrain, featuring everything from charming guesthouses to more established hotels. For instance, properties like Villa Machakos Hotel and Conferencing offer a glimpse into the mid-range to upper-mid-range options available, while numerous other establishments cater to different budgets and preferences. This diverse selection ensures that travellers can find a place to stay that aligns with their comfort needs and financial plans, making it easier to book hotel stays that fit perfectly into their travel itineraries.
Mumbuni North is poised to welcome a variety of international visitors. American travellers might appreciate the emerging cultural scene and the opportunity for off-the-beaten-path exploration. European travellers, often drawn to historical and cultural depth, will find Mumbuni North's local traditions and community interactions particularly rewarding. For travellers from India, the region offers a blend of familiar hospitality, accessible pricing, and a chance to explore a different facet of the African continent. Similarly, travellers from other African nations can find Mumbuni North a convenient and culturally resonant destination.
Best Areas to Stay in Mumbuni North
Mumbuni North, while a region, is comprised of distinct areas, each offering a unique atmosphere and set of amenities that can significantly influence your travel experience. For international visitors, understanding these neighbourhood differences is key to selecting the perfect base. Whether you prioritize proximity to commercial hubs, a quieter residential feel, or access to specific attractions, Mumbuni North’s diverse districts ensure that your accommodation choice aligns perfectly with your travel style and interests.
Machakos Central
Machakos Central serves as the primary commercial and administrative heart of the region, offering a dynamic urban environment that appeals to business travellers and those who prefer to be close to amenities. Here, you'll find a concentration of hotels, shops, and local businesses, providing a lively backdrop for your stay. This area is particularly well-suited for travellers from the Philippines and other Asian countries who may be accustomed to bustling city centres and appreciate the convenience of having everything within easy reach.
From Machakos Central, exploring the wider Mumbuni North region is straightforward. The area itself boasts local markets where you can find handicrafts and fresh produce, and it's a good starting point for day trips to nearby natural attractions. Getting to Machakos Central from the main international airport serving the region typically involves a road transfer, which can be arranged via taxi or pre-booked shuttle services, offering a convenient way to book attractions and begin your exploration upon arrival.
Mua
The Mua area offers a more tranquil and scenic experience, often characterized by its natural beauty and a slower pace of life. It's an ideal choice for travellers seeking a respite from urban bustle, perhaps European visitors looking for a peaceful retreat or those who appreciate a closer connection to nature. Mua provides a glimpse into the more rural aspects of Mumbuni North, with opportunities for leisurely walks and enjoying the local landscape.
Accommodation in Mua often leans towards resorts and guesthouses that emphasize relaxation and comfort. While it might be further from the main commercial centres, Mua provides a serene base from which to explore the region's natural attractions. Access from the airport usually involves a road journey, and local transport within Mua might be more limited, suggesting that pre-arranged transport or a rental vehicle could be beneficial for maximizing your exploration of Mumbuni North. Use Traveloka to book attractions — book attractions. Use Traveloka to book your hotel — book hotel.
Muvuti/Kiima-Kimwe
Muvuti/Kiima-Kimwe represents a developing area within Mumbuni North, showcasing the region's growth and offering a more local, less tourist-centric experience. This district is perfect for adventurous travellers, perhaps those from other parts of Africa looking for authentic cultural immersion or Filipino travellers keen to see a different side of Kenyan life. It’s an area where you can observe daily life and engage with the local community in a genuine setting.
Staying in Muvuti/Kiima-Kimwe provides an opportunity to experience Mumbuni North from a local perspective. While amenities might be more basic compared to Machakos Central, the area offers a unique charm and a chance to discover local eateries and community hubs. Transportation to and from this area will likely involve road travel, and exploring its surroundings might best be done with local guidance or a pre-arranged tour to fully appreciate its character.
Mumbuni North Town Centre
While the reference data points to Machakos Central as the primary hub, it's important to consider the broader "Mumbuni North" as a central point for understanding the region's core. This area, encompassing the main town centre, offers a blend of accessibility and local flavour. It's a good option for travellers who want a balance between convenience and experiencing the authentic pulse of Mumbuni North, appealing to a wide range of visitors including those from the Philippines and India.
The Mumbuni North Town Centre is likely to have a good selection of hotels and guesthouses, providing a convenient base for exploring the region. You'll find local markets, eateries, and essential services here, making it easy to navigate daily life. Access from the airport is typically via road, and within the town centre, walking or using local taxis and boda-bodas (motorcycle taxis) are common ways to get around, offering a true local transport experience.
Top Hotels
Budget Hotels in Mumbuni North
This category is perfect for travellers who prioritize affordability without compromising on essential comforts. Budget hotels in Mumbuni North offer a cost-effective way to experience the region, making them ideal for backpackers, solo travellers, and those on extended trips from the Philippines and other budget-conscious markets. Expect clean, simple accommodations that provide a safe and comfortable base for exploring the area, with prices typically ranging from ₱1,000 to ₱3,500 per night.Tea Tot destination Hotel
This 2.5-star hotel in Machakos Central offers a welcoming atmosphere for travellers seeking value. With a rating of 2 based on 1 review, it provides a basic yet comfortable stay. Guests can appreciate amenities like a bar and the allowance of small pets, making it a flexible option. The hotel's accessibility features also cater to a wider range of guests, ensuring a pleasant visit to Mumbuni North.Roof Galaxy Hotel
A 2-star hotel located in Machakos Central, Roof Galaxy Hotel presents a straightforward accommodation choice for those mindful of their spending. While specific review data is limited, its presence in the budget category signifies its appeal to travellers looking for essential services at a lower price point. It serves as a functional base for exploring the surrounding Machakos Central area and beyond.Mid-Range Hotels in Mumbuni North
Mid-range hotels in Mumbuni North strike an excellent balance between comfort, amenities, and price, making them a popular choice for many international travellers. These 2.5 to 3-star properties offer enhanced services and a more comfortable environment than budget options, often including features like on-site dining and better room facilities. For travellers from the Philippines, Europe, and India, these hotels provide reliable quality and good value, typically costing between ₱3,500 and ₱6,000 per night.The Machakos Courtyard Inn
This 3-star B&B in Machakos Central stands out with its commitment to accessibility, featuring braille or raised signage and wheelchair accessibility. With a solid rating of 10 based on 1 review, it suggests a positive guest experience. The inn also offers outdoor facilities, shops, and babysitting services, making it a convenient and well-equipped choice for families and travellers with specific needs.Kiikaloh Grand Resort
Located in Mua, this 3-star hotel offers a welcoming environment with the unique allowance of large pets and an on-site bar. While specific review details are not provided, its resort classification suggests a focus on guest comfort and amenities. Kiikaloh Grand Resort provides a comfortable base for exploring the Mua area, appealing to those who appreciate a relaxed atmosphere.Elena Lodge
Elena Lodge, a 3-star guest house situated in Mua, offers a more intimate and potentially personalized lodging experience. Its pricing at ₱2,303.76 per night positions it as an attractive option for travellers seeking value and a quieter stay. As a guest house, it may provide a closer connection to local hospitality, making it a good choice for those wanting a less commercial feel.Zeroes Resort Machakos
This 3-star hotel in Mua provides a comfortable stay with its resort amenities. Priced at ₱4,649.78 per night, it falls within the mid-range bracket, offering good value for its offerings. Zeroes Resort Machakos is a suitable option for travellers looking for a relaxing environment with the conveniences expected from a resort, allowing for a pleasant exploration of the Mumbuni North region.Machakos University Hotel
As a 3-star hotel in Muvuti/Kiima-Kimwe, Machakos University Hotel offers a practical and accessible option for visitors. Its location suggests a connection to the academic environment, potentially offering a quiet and focused atmosphere. This hotel is a good choice for travellers seeking straightforward accommodation in a developing part of Mumbuni North, providing a comfortable base for local exploration.Zeroes Resort
This 3-star hotel in Mua is another option for travellers seeking resort-style amenities in a relaxed setting. Its presence in Mua suggests it caters to those looking for a peaceful retreat within Mumbuni North. As part of the mid-range segment, it offers a good balance of comfort and value for guests exploring the region.Ph Cai Resort
Ph Cai Resort, a 3-star hotel in Mua, provides a comfortable and well-equipped stay for visitors to Mumbuni North. Its resort classification indicates a focus on guest amenities and relaxation. This property is a solid choice for travellers looking for mid-range accommodation that offers a pleasant environment for their stay in the region.Sunglam Hotel
Located in Muvuti/Kiima-Kimwe, Sunglam Hotel is a 3-star establishment offering a comfortable stay. Its presence in this developing area makes it a practical choice for travellers looking to experience a less commercialized side of Mumbuni North. It provides essential amenities for a pleasant visit to the region.Machakos inn hotel
This 3-star hotel in Machakos Central offers a convenient base for exploring the city's commercial hub. Its location makes it accessible for travellers who want to be close to amenities and transport links. Machakos Inn Hotel provides a reliable and comfortable option within the mid-range accommodation bracket in Mumbuni North.4-Star Hotels in Mumbuni North
For travellers seeking an elevated level of comfort and service without the premium price tag of luxury establishments, the 4-star hotels in Mumbuni North are an excellent choice. These properties offer well-appointed rooms, enhanced amenities, and professional service, catering to those who appreciate a more refined experience. For visitors from the Philippines, Europe, and the US, these hotels provide a premium feel at a reasonable cost, typically ranging from ₱7,000 to ₱10,000 per night.Villa Machakos Hotel and Conferencing
This 4-star hotel in Machakos Central is a standout option, boasting a rating of 2 from 1 review. It offers a range of unique features, including trampolines, pool cabanas, romantic proposal packages, pool sun loungers, and a picnic area, suggesting a focus on leisure and special occasions. Villa Machakos Hotel provides a comfortable and amenity-rich stay for those seeking a higher standard of accommodation.Semara Hotels Machakos
Semara Hotels Machakos, a 3.5-star property in Machakos Central, offers a comfortable and well-equipped stay. Priced at ₱2,411.58 per night, it provides excellent value within the upper-mid-range to lower-4-star category. This hotel is a good choice for travellers looking for quality amenities and service without venturing into the highest price brackets, making it accessible for a broad range of international visitors.Skyward Mua Hotel
This 3.5-star hotel in Machakos Central provides a comfortable lodging experience with an on-site bar. Its rating suggests a good level of service and guest satisfaction. Skyward Mua Hotel is a suitable option for travellers seeking a pleasant stay with convenient amenities, offering a good balance of comfort and value in Mumbuni North.Lau Guest House
Lau Guest House, a 3.5-star establishment in Machakos Central, offers a welcoming and comfortable stay. Its rating indicates a positive guest experience, and as a guest house, it may provide a more personal touch. This property is a good choice for travellers looking for quality accommodation with a potentially more intimate atmosphere in Mumbuni North.Ack Guest House Machakos
Ack Guest House Machakos, a 3-star hotel in Machakos Central, offers a straightforward and comfortable stay. Its presence in the central area makes it convenient for accessing local amenities and transport. This guest house provides a reliable option for travellers seeking mid-range accommodation in Mumbuni North.Roof Garden Hotel
This 3-star hotel in Machakos Central features a rooftop garden, offering guests a pleasant space to relax. Its location in the central district makes it convenient for exploring the area. Roof Garden Hotel provides a comfortable and accessible option for travellers looking for mid-range accommodation in Mumbuni North.Guest Houses and B&Bs in Mumbuni North
Guest houses and Bed & Breakfasts in Mumbuni North offer a more intimate and personal lodging experience, often infused with local character and hospitality. These properties are suited to travellers who want a connection with the local culture and a more relaxed atmosphere than larger hotels. For visitors from the Philippines and other regions, these accommodations provide an authentic glimpse into Kenyan life, with prices generally ranging from ₱2,000 to ₱4,000 per night.The Machakos Courtyard Inn
As a 3-star B&B in Machakos Central, The Machakos Courtyard Inn offers a welcoming environment with a strong emphasis on accessibility. Its high rating suggests a positive guest experience, and features like outdoor facilities and shops add to its appeal. This B&B is a great choice for travellers who value comfort, convenience, and inclusive services.Elena Lodge
Elena Lodge, a 3-star guest house in Mua, provides a more intimate lodging experience. Its affordable price point makes it an attractive option for budget-conscious travellers seeking a comfortable and quiet stay away from the main urban centres. This lodge offers a chance to experience the serene side of Mumbuni North.Lau Guest House
This 3.5-star guest house in Machakos Central offers a comfortable and well-regarded stay. Its rating suggests guests have had positive experiences, and its location in the central district provides convenient access to amenities. Lau Guest House is a good choice for those seeking a personal touch in their accommodation.Ack Guest House Machakos
Ack Guest House Machakos, a 3-star hotel in Machakos Central, provides a straightforward and comfortable stay. Its location in the heart of the city makes it a practical choice for travellers who want to be close to essential services and transport links, offering a reliable option for exploring Mumbuni North.Hotels with Spa in Mumbuni North
For travellers prioritizing wellness and relaxation during their Mumbuni North visit, hotels offering spa facilities provide an added layer of indulgence. These establishments cater to guests who wish to unwind and rejuvenate with treatments and wellness services. While specific hotels with dedicated spas are limited in the provided data, the presence of such amenities, even in a more basic form, can significantly enhance a stay, particularly for European and American travellers seeking a holistic travel experience.Garden Hotel
This 2.5-star hotel in Machakos Central features a spa, offering guests an opportunity for relaxation and rejuvenation during their stay. Its presence in the central district makes it a convenient choice for those looking to combine sightseeing with wellness. Garden Hotel provides a comfortable base with the added benefit of spa services for a more tranquil visit to Mumbuni North.Family-Friendly Hotels in Mumbuni North
Finding family-friendly accommodation is crucial for travellers with children, and Mumbuni North offers options that cater to the needs of families. These hotels often provide amenities such as spacious rooms, child-friendly facilities, and a safe environment. While explicit "family-friendly" tags are not abundant in the data, certain hotels with features like pools or accessible locations can serve families well, particularly those travelling from the Philippines or India where family travel is common.The Machakos Courtyard Inn
This 3-star B&B in Machakos Central is a strong contender for families, offering not only outdoor facilities but also babysitting services. Its accessibility features also contribute to a more comfortable stay for families with diverse needs. The Courtyard Inn provides a welcoming environment for travellers with children exploring Mumbuni North.Villa Machakos Hotel and Conferencing
The 4-star Villa Machakos Hotel and Conferencing in Machakos Central offers several features that make it suitable for families. With pool cabanas, pool sun loungers, and a picnic area, there are ample opportunities for family recreation. The hotel's focus on leisure and comfort ensures a pleasant stay for those travelling with children.Hotels with Rooftop Pool in Mumbuni North
While not explicitly listed with "rooftop pool" as a USP, hotels with pool facilities in Mumbuni North can offer a refreshing escape, especially during warmer months. For travellers who enjoy a dip with a view, the presence of a pool can be a significant draw. These amenities are particularly appealing to visitors from warmer climates or those seeking leisure activities within their accommodation, enhancing the overall holiday experience in Mumbuni North.Villa Machakos Hotel and Conferencing
This 4-star hotel in Machakos Central features pool cabanas and pool sun loungers, indicating a well-equipped pool area that can serve as a relaxing spot for guests. While not explicitly a rooftop pool, the emphasis on poolside amenities suggests a focus on leisure and enjoyment, making it an attractive feature for travellers seeking to unwind.Food & Dining
Mumbuni North's culinary landscape is a vibrant reflection of Kenyan traditions, offering a delightful array of flavours that are both accessible and authentic. The region's cuisine is characterized by its hearty dishes, often featuring staple grains like maize and a variety of fresh produce. For international visitors, particularly those from the Philippines, experiencing local dishes like Ugali, a maize flour porridge, served with flavourful stews or sukuma wiki (collard greens), provides a genuine taste of Kenyan daily life and a welcome departure from familiar fare.
When seeking out culinary experiences in Mumbuni North, exploring the local markets and smaller eateries in areas like Machakos Central is highly recommended. These bustling hubs offer a chance to sample street food and traditional meals in an authentic setting. For Muslim travellers, finding Halal-certified eateries is generally straightforward in Kenya, with many restaurants and food stalls adhering to Islamic dietary laws, ensuring a comfortable dining experience across Mumbuni North.
The cost of dining in Mumbuni North presents excellent value for international travellers. Street food and local eateries can offer delicious meals for as little as ₱100-₱300, while mid-range restaurants might charge between ₱500-₱1,500 per person for a full meal. Even more upscale dining experiences remain significantly more affordable than in Western countries or major Asian cities, allowing travellers from the US, Europe, and India to enjoy diverse culinary explorations without straining their budgets.
Navigating dining etiquette in Mumbuni North is generally relaxed, but a few local customs are worth noting. It's customary to eat with your right hand, especially when partaking in traditional meals served communally. Tipping is appreciated but not always mandatory; a small gratuity of 5-10% for good service is common in restaurants. Meal times are typically aligned with Western schedules, with lunch around 1 pm and dinner from 7 pm onwards, making it easy for international visitors to adapt.
Local Etiquette & Safety
Understanding local customs is key to a respectful and enriching visit to Mumbuni North. Kenyans are generally known for their politeness and hospitality, and a friendly greeting, such as "Jambo" (hello) or "Habari" (how are you?), goes a long way. It's important to be mindful of personal space and avoid overly familiar physical contact with strangers. In more traditional settings, it's polite to accept offers of food or drink, as refusal can sometimes be seen as impolite.
When visiting Mumbuni North, dressing modestly, especially when outside of tourist resorts or in more conservative areas, is advisable. While not strictly enforced, showing respect for local culture by covering shoulders and knees can be appreciated. When taking photographs of people, always ask for permission first. In markets or shops, bargaining is common, but it should be done politely and with a smile, maintaining a good-natured exchange rather than an aggressive negotiation.
Safety in Mumbuni North is comparable to many developing urban areas. It's wise to be aware of your surroundings, especially in crowded markets or at night. Valuables should be kept secure and out of sight. For transportation, using reputable taxi services or ride-hailing apps like Bolt, which are common in Kenyan cities, is recommended over hailing random vehicles. Keeping essential contact numbers, including those for local emergency services, readily accessible is a prudent measure for all travellers.
For Filipino travellers, it's important to know that the Philippine Embassy in Nairobi is the primary point of contact for consular assistance in Kenya. In case of emergencies, local police and ambulance services are available. While specific tourist police units might not be prominent in Mumbuni North, general law enforcement is present. Carrying travel insurance is highly recommended to cover any unforeseen medical expenses or emergencies, ensuring peace of mind during your stay in Mumbuni North.
Travel Guide
For travellers from the Philippines planning a journey to Mumbuni North, the most common route involves flying from major hubs like Manila (MNL) or Cebu (CEB) to Nairobi's Jomo Kenyatta International Airport (NBO), Kenya's main international gateway. Flights typically involve at least one stopover, often in the Middle East or Europe, with total travel times ranging from 15 to 25 hours. The estimated cost for a round-trip ticket can vary significantly, but budget around ₱40,000 to ₱70,000 in Philippine Pesos. From NBO, Mumbuni North is accessible via a road transfer, which can take approximately 1 to 2 hours depending on traffic. It's advisable to book flight tickets in advance to secure better fares.
Navigating Mumbuni North and its surrounding areas is best managed through a combination of transport options. Within the main town centres like Machakos Central, local taxis and ride-hailing apps such as Bolt are readily available and offer a convenient way to get around. For longer distances or exploring more remote areas, hiring a car with a driver is a popular choice among international visitors, providing flexibility and local knowledge. Public buses and matatus (minibuses) are also an option for the more adventurous traveller, offering a very affordable, albeit sometimes crowded, way to experience local life.
The ideal time to visit Mumbuni North generally falls within the dry seasons, from June to October and again from December to February. During these periods, the weather is pleasant with sunny days and cooler evenings, making it perfect for outdoor activities and exploration. These months also tend to be peak tourist seasons in Kenya, so hotel prices might be slightly higher, and popular attractions could be more crowded. For travellers from the Philippines, visiting during these periods aligns well with avoiding major typhoon seasons at home.
Before departing for Mumbuni North, ensure you have your essential travel documents in order, including a passport valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay. The local currency is the Kenyan Shilling (KES), but US Dollars are widely accepted in tourist establishments, and it's advisable to carry some smaller denominations. Purchasing a local SIM card upon arrival at the airport is recommended for affordable data and calls. Essential apps to download include Google Maps for navigation, a reliable translation app, and the Bolt app for transport. Use Traveloka to find the best flights — book flight.
Visa Information
For Philippine passport holders planning to visit Kenya, including the Mumbuni North region, understanding the visa requirements is crucial. As of current regulations, Philippine citizens typically require a visa to enter Kenya. The most common and convenient method is to apply for an e-visa online through the official Kenyan immigration portal before your travel date. The e-visa application process requires details such as your passport information, travel itinerary, and accommodation bookings. It is essential to check the latest requirements and processing times directly with the Kenyan immigration authorities, as policies can change.
The application for a Kenyan e-visa for Philippine passport holders generally involves submitting an online form, uploading a passport-sized photo, and providing a copy of your passport's bio-data page. You will also need to present proof of onward travel, such as a return flight ticket, and confirmed hotel bookings in Kenya, including for your stay in Mumbuni North. The visa fee is typically payable online via credit card and is subject to change, so it's advisable to budget approximately USD 50-100 for the visa application. Ensure your passport has at least six months of validity remaining from your date of entry into Kenya.
Given that visa policies and processing times can be subject to change, it is strongly recommended that all travellers, especially those from the Philippines, verify the most up-to-date visa requirements with the official Kenyan Department of Immigration Services or the Kenyan Embassy in their country of residence well in advance of booking flights or making other travel arrangements. Confirming your visa eligibility and application status before committing to non-refundable travel expenses will prevent potential issues and ensure a smooth entry into Kenya for your visit to Mumbuni North.
Book Your Mumbuni North Adventure
Mumbuni North offers a compelling proposition for the discerning international traveller, presenting an authentic Kenyan experience that balances cultural immersion with developing modern amenities. It's a destination that rewards curiosity, inviting visitors to explore its unique landscapes, engage with its warm communities, and discover a side of Kenya often overlooked by mainstream tourism. This region is particularly suited for those seeking genuine connections and a deeper understanding of East African life beyond the typical tourist trails.
Traveloka provides a comprehensive platform to explore and book your stay in Mumbuni North, catering to every budget and preference. From the affordable options starting around ₱1,000 per night, perfect for budget-conscious travellers from the Philippines and India, to more comfortable mid-range and 4-star hotels in the ₱3,000 to ₱8,000 range, suitable for European and American visitors, our listings ensure you find the ideal accommodation. We offer a Best Price Guarantee, 24/7 Live Agent Support, and flexible payment options including credit card, debit card, GCash, Maya, and Traveloka PayLater, making it easy to book cheap hotels with confidence.
Embark on your Mumbuni North journey with ease and confidence by leveraging Traveloka's extensive offerings. Our platform simplifies the process of finding and booking your perfect hotel, ensuring you can focus on the experiences that await you. With the added benefit of up to 1.5x Loyalty Cashback on eligible bookings, your travel investment goes further. Discover the charm of Mumbuni North and create lasting memories by securing your accommodation through Traveloka today.
All information in this article is accurate as of the date of publication. Prices are subject to change depending on season, availability, and hotel policy.


































