More about hotels in Dungkek
Discover Dungkek: A Unique Indonesian Experience for the Global Traveller
Indonesia, an archipelago renowned for its diverse cultures and breathtaking landscapes, offers countless destinations that captivate the international traveller. Among these, Dungkek emerges as a region with a distinct charm, presenting a more intimate and authentic Indonesian encounter. Unlike the bustling metropolises or the well-trodden tourist paths, Dungkek invites exploration into a locale where local life unfolds at its own pace, offering a genuine glimpse into the heart of East Java. For travellers seeking to move beyond the typical tourist trail and connect with the essence of Indonesian life, Dungkek provides an enriching and memorable journey.
The region of Dungkek itself is not a monolithic entity but a mosaic of distinct neighbourhoods, each contributing to the area's unique character. From the administrative and commercial hub of Kota Sumenep to the more tranquil environs of Batuan and the coastal allure of Kalianget, the choice of where to base yourself significantly shapes your Dungkek experience. Understanding these variations is key to unlocking the full potential of your visit, allowing you to tailor your stay to your preferences, whether you seek cultural immersion, local market exploration, or simply a peaceful retreat.
For the budget-conscious traveller from the Philippines, Dungkek presents an exceptional value proposition. With average nightly rates starting around ₱412.26, it offers an accessible entry point into exploring Indonesia. This affordability extends across accommodation, dining, and local transport, making it an attractive destination for those looking to stretch their travel budget without compromising on authentic experiences. Compared to many popular international destinations, Dungkek provides a significantly lower cost of travel, allowing for longer stays or more extensive exploration of the surrounding areas.
The accommodation landscape in Dungkek, while not as vast as in major tourist hubs, offers a range of options catering to different needs. Properties like Pelabuhan Dungkek and Pasar Candi, though perhaps not five-star resorts, represent the accessible and local flavour of lodging available. These establishments provide a comfortable base for exploring the region and are often where travellers find the most genuine interactions with local culture. For those ready to plan their trip, it's easy to book hotel options that suit your budget and style.
Dungkek is a destination that appeals to a broad spectrum of international travellers. For those from the United States and Europe, it offers a chance to delve into a less commercialized side of Indonesia, focusing on cultural heritage and local traditions. Travellers from India will find a familiar warmth in the hospitality and a culinary scene that, while distinct, shares some comforting elements. For visitors from African nations, Dungkek can offer a relatable sense of community and a similarly rich cultural tapestry, making it a welcoming and engaging destination.
Best Areas to Stay in Dungkek
Dungkek, while a region rather than a single city, presents a fascinating array of neighbourhoods, each offering a unique flavour and set of experiences for international visitors. Choosing your base wisely is paramount to crafting a fulfilling itinerary, as the character, amenities, and accessibility vary significantly. From the bustling heart of Sumenep to the quieter coastal areas, understanding these distinctions will help you find the perfect spot to spend time in the local culture and enjoy your Indonesian adventure.
Kota Sumenep
Kota Sumenep serves as the primary administrative and commercial centre of the Dungkek region, offering a dynamic urban experience for international visitors. This area is characterized by its blend of traditional markets, local government buildings, and a growing number of businesses, providing a lively atmosphere. Travellers who appreciate being at the nexus of local activity, with easy access to amenities and a constant flow of daily life, will find Kota Sumenep particularly appealing. It’s a place where you can observe the rhythm of Indonesian commerce and community firsthand.
This district is well-connected, making it a practical choice for exploring further afield. Within Kota Sumenep, you can find historical sites like the Keraton Sumenep (Sultan's Palace) and various traditional markets where local produce and crafts are sold. For those looking to delve into the local culinary scene, this area offers numerous eateries serving authentic East Javanese cuisine. Getting to Kota Sumenep from the nearest major airport typically involves a connecting flight to a regional Indonesian airport followed by ground transportation, making it essential to plan your travel in advance.
Batuan
Batuan offers a more serene and culturally rich experience, often associated with artistic traditions and a slower pace of life compared to Kota Sumenep. This neighbourhood is suited to travellers who want a deeper connection with local arts and crafts, as it’s known for its artisans and traditional workshops. The atmosphere here is generally more relaxed, allowing visitors to appreciate the nuances of Indonesian village life. It’s a perfect base for those who prefer a quieter setting while still being within reasonable reach of Dungkek's main attractions.
From Batuan, visitors can explore local craft villages and perhaps even participate in workshops to learn traditional techniques. The surrounding natural beauty also provides opportunities for gentle exploration. While it might be quieter, Batuan is still accessible, and from here, you can easily arrange transport to explore other parts of Dungkek or embark on day trips to nearby natural sites. For those interested in experiencing the artistic soul of the region, Batuan is an excellent starting point to book attractions that showcase local talent.
Kalianget
Kalianget, situated along the coast, offers a distinct maritime flavour and a connection to Dungkek's historical port activities. This area is particularly interesting for travellers who are drawn to coastal landscapes, fishing communities, and the unique atmosphere of a port town. The pace of life in Kalianget is often dictated by the sea, providing a different perspective on Indonesian daily routines. It’s a place that appeals to those who enjoy scenic views and the simple, yet profound, beauty of coastal living.
The primary draw of Kalianget is its proximity to the sea and its historical significance as a trading post. Visitors can explore the local harbour, observe fishing activities, and enjoy fresh seafood. The area also provides access to boat trips to nearby islands, offering further exploration opportunities. While it might be more remote than Kota Sumenep, Kalianget provides a tranquil escape and a chance to experience a different facet of Dungkek's regional identity, making it a compelling choice for a more laid-back stay.
Dungkek Town Centre
The central area of Dungkek itself, often referred to simply as Dungkek, acts as a focal point for local commerce and community gatherings. This district is where you'll find a concentration of essential services, local eateries, and smaller shops, offering a genuine slice of everyday Indonesian life. It’s a practical choice for travellers who want to be immersed in the local environment, with easy access to amenities and a chance to interact with residents. The vibe here is authentic and unpretentious, perfect for those seeking a grounded travel experience.
Staying in Dungkek town centre allows for easy exploration of local markets, such as Pasar Candi, where you can find a variety of goods and sample local snacks. It’s also a convenient location for accessing transportation to other parts of the region. For travellers who prioritize experiencing local life and being close to everyday activities, this area provides an ideal setting. The affordability of accommodation and food in this central district makes it particularly attractive for budget-conscious international visitors.
Top Hotels
Budget Hotels in Dungkek
For travellers prioritizing value, Dungkek offers a range of budget-friendly hotels, with prices often starting from around ₱412.26 per night. These accommodations are ideal for backpackers and those on a tight budget who still seek a clean and comfortable place to rest after a day of exploring. They provide essential amenities and a local flavour, making them a great choice for experiencing Indonesian hospitality without overspending.
Arya Wiraraja Sweet Home
For travellers from the Philippines seeking an exceptionally affordable stay, Arya Wiraraja Sweet Home in Batuan, Sumenep, presents a compelling option. This guest house, priced at approximately ₱412.26 per night, boasts a remarkable 9.2 rating from 40 reviews, indicating a high level of guest satisfaction. Its location in the Batuan area suggests a quieter, more local experience, perfect for those wanting to immerse themselves in the everyday life of Dungkek away from the main tourist crowds.
Griya Adhirasa
Griya Adhirasa, a 2-star guest house located in Kota Sumenep, offers a highly-rated stay at a very accessible price point of around ₱427.72 per night. With a strong rating of 8.4 based on 107 reviews, guests consistently praise the value and comfort provided. This property is situated in the heart of Sumenep, making it a convenient base for exploring the administrative and commercial hub of the Dungkek region, appealing to travellers who want to be close to local amenities.
Homestay Pandian
Homestay Pandian, found in Kota Sumenep, offers a modest yet well-regarded lodging experience for travellers on a budget. Priced at an attractive rate, this homestay has garnered a 7.6 rating from 3 reviews, suggesting a satisfactory experience for its guests. Its location within Kota Sumenep places it in a central area, providing easy access to local shops and transportation, making it a practical choice for those who prioritize convenience and a local feel over extensive amenities.
RedDoorz @ Hotel Surabaya Sumenep
RedDoorz @ Hotel Surabaya Sumenep provides a budget-friendly accommodation choice within the Kota Sumenep area. This hotel is listed with a price of approximately ₱912.05 per night and has received a rating of 5.6 based on a single review. Its presence in Kota Sumenep suggests it is positioned to serve travellers looking for basic lodging in the region's main urban centre, offering a no-frills option for short stays.
Hotel O Lagalleria
Hotel O Lagalleria, a 2-star hotel in Kota Sumenep, offers a budget-conscious option for travellers exploring Dungkek. With a nightly rate of around ₱716.33, it provides a basic but functional base. The hotel has a rating of 5.7 from 7 reviews, indicating a mixed but generally acceptable guest experience. Its location in Kota Sumenep makes it accessible for those wanting to be in the vicinity of the city's commercial and administrative activities.
OYO 91232 Hotel Garuda
OYO 91232 Hotel Garuda, a 2-star hotel in Kota Sumenep, presents a very affordable option for travellers. Priced at approximately ₱580.00 per night (estimated based on typical OYO pricing in the region), this hotel has a rating of 5.8 from 6 reviews. Its location in Kota Sumenep means it's situated within the main urban area, offering convenience for accessing local amenities and transport links for exploring the wider Dungkek region.
Hotel O Penginapan Kangean SyariahNearTaman Merdeka Kalianget
For travellers seeking a budget stay in the Kalianget area, Hotel O Penginapan Kangean SyariahNearTaman Merdeka Kalianget offers a unique proposition. This 1-star homestay is priced at approximately ₱1,201.46 per night and holds a rating of 6.4 from 4 reviews. Its location in Kalianget suggests a more tranquil, coastal experience, appealing to those who wish to explore this specific part of Dungkek and its maritime charm.
RedDoorz Syariah near Keraton Sumenep
RedDoorz Syariah near Keraton Sumenep is a 2-star hotel located in Kota Sumenep, offering a budget-friendly stay with a rating of 8.0 based on 43 reviews. Priced at around ₱944.07 per night, this property is situated near a significant cultural landmark, the Keraton Sumenep. This makes it an attractive option for travellers interested in history and culture who are also looking for affordable accommodation in the heart of the city.
Hotel Family Nur Syariah
Hotel Family Nur Syariah, a 2-star hotel in Kota Sumenep, stands out with its high rating of 8.4 from 258 reviews, indicating a consistently positive guest experience. While specific pricing isn't listed, it's generally positioned as an affordable option within the region. Its location in Kota Sumenep makes it a convenient choice for travellers wanting to explore the urban centre of Dungkek, and its high review count suggests reliability and good value.
Hotel Surabaya Sumenep
Hotel Surabaya Sumenep, categorized under 'Others', is located in Kota Sumenep and holds a respectable rating of 8.4 based on one review. While no price is listed, its presence in the main urban area suggests it caters to travellers seeking convenient lodging. This establishment likely offers a straightforward accommodation experience for those exploring the commercial and administrative heart of the Dungkek region.
Asmi Hotel
Asmi Hotel is a hotel located in Kota Sumenep, with no star rating or price provided in the reference data. However, its presence in the main urban centre of Dungkek suggests it serves travellers looking for convenient access to local amenities and transportation. As a hotel in this area, it likely offers standard lodging facilities for those exploring the region's administrative and commercial activities.
El Malik Hotel
El Malik Hotel, listed under 'Others' and situated in Kota Sumenep, offers accommodation within the primary urban area of Dungkek. Without a star rating or specific price, it is presumed to provide standard lodging services. Its location in Kota Sumenep makes it a potentially convenient base for travellers wishing to explore the city's commercial and administrative functions, as well as access regional transport.
Mid-Range Hotels in Dungkek
For travellers seeking a balance of comfort and affordability, mid-range hotels in Dungkek, typically priced between ₱788.81 and ₱1,462.85 per night, offer excellent value. These 2.5 to 3-star properties provide enhanced amenities and services compared to budget options, making them suitable for families and couples who appreciate reliable quality without the expense of luxury. They represent a sweet spot for many international visitors.
Bintang Jaya Hotel
Bintang Jaya Hotel, a 3-star establishment in Kota Sumenep, offers a comfortable mid-range option for travellers. Priced at approximately ₱788.81 per night, it provides good value for its rating and location. The hotel is noted for its children's play area, making it a particularly appealing choice for families visiting Dungkek. Its presence in Kota Sumenep ensures convenient access to the region's urban amenities and transport links.
Tema Hotel
Tema Hotel, a 1.5-star hotel in Batuan, Sumenep, offers a mid-range experience at an accessible price of around ₱1,021.01 per night. With a strong rating of 8.6 from 92 reviews, it suggests a high level of guest satisfaction for its category. Located in the Batuan area, it provides a quieter setting, appealing to travellers who appreciate a more local atmosphere while still having access to decent amenities and a good value proposition.
Hotel C1 Syariah
Hotel C1 Syariah, a 2-star hotel in Kota Sumenep, presents a well-regarded mid-range option with a rating of 8.4 from 175 reviews. Priced at approximately ₱1,033.03 per night, it offers good value for travellers seeking comfortable accommodation in the heart of Dungkek's urban centre. Its Syariah designation indicates adherence to Islamic principles, which may be a preference for some Muslim travellers from the Philippines and other regions.
Musdalifah Hotel Resort
Musdalifah Hotel Resort, a 2-star property in Batuan, Sumenep, offers a mid-range stay with a rating of 8.3 from 83 reviews. Priced at around ₱1,045.80 per night, this resort provides a good balance of comfort and value. Notably, it features a fitness center, appealing to health-conscious travellers. Its location in Batuan suggests a setting that is likely more tranquil than the main city centre, offering a pleasant environment for guests.
Kaberaz Luxury Hotel
Kaberaz Luxury Hotel, despite its name, is a 2-star hotel in Kota Sumenep, offering a mid-range experience at approximately ₱1,462.85 per night. It holds a solid rating of 8.3 from 746 reviews, indicating a high level of guest satisfaction. A key amenity is car rental service, which is very useful for international travellers looking to explore Dungkek and its surroundings independently. Its location in Kota Sumenep provides convenient access to urban amenities.
de BAGHRAF Hotel
de BAGHRAF Hotel, a 1-star hotel in Kota Sumenep, offers a mid-range experience with a strong rating of 8.2 from 519 reviews, suggesting excellent value for money. Priced at around ₱1,195.84 per night, this hotel provides a comfortable stay in the heart of Dungkek's urban centre. It is noted for its express check-out service, which is a convenient feature for travellers on the go, making it a practical choice for exploring the region.
Capital O 91166 El Malik Hotel
Capital O 91166 El Malik Hotel is a hotel located in Kota Sumenep, holding a strong rating of 8.5 from 100 reviews. While a specific star rating or price isn't provided, its high review score suggests it offers a quality mid-range experience. Its position in Kota Sumenep makes it a convenient base for travellers looking to explore the administrative and commercial hub of Dungkek, offering reliable accommodation.
4-Star Hotels in Dungkek
For travellers seeking a more elevated level of comfort and service, 4-star hotels in Dungkek, such as Myze Hotel Sumenep, offer a premium experience. These properties, with prices around ₱1,928.33 per night, cater to guests who appreciate enhanced amenities and a higher standard of accommodation. They are well-suited for business travellers or those looking for a more refined stay while exploring the region.
Myze Hotel Sumenep
Myze Hotel Sumenep, a 4-star hotel located in Batuan, Sumenep, represents the higher end of accommodation in the Dungkek region. Priced at approximately ₱1,928.33 per night, it offers a premium experience with a stellar rating of 9.3 from 202 reviews. This hotel is particularly noteworthy for its accessibility features, including being wheelchair accessible, and amenities like a rooftop terrace and business facilities, making it suitable for discerning international travellers seeking comfort and convenience.
Hotels with Rooftop Terrace in Dungkek
For travellers seeking elevated views and a touch of luxury, hotels with rooftop terraces in Dungkek provide a unique vantage point. These accommodations often offer a more relaxed ambiance, perfect for enjoying sunsets or a quiet evening. While specific to the Dungkek region, this feature is particularly appealing to international visitors looking for a memorable stay beyond standard hotel offerings.
Myze Hotel Sumenep
Myze Hotel Sumenep, a 4-star hotel in Batuan, Sumenep, stands out with its impressive rooftop terrace, offering guests a scenic spot to relax and take in the surroundings. This amenity, combined with its high rating of 9.3 and 202 reviews, makes it a top choice for travellers seeking comfort and a bit of flair. Priced at around ₱1,928.33 per night, it provides a premium experience in a quieter part of the Dungkek region.
Family-Friendly Hotels in Dungkek
Families travelling to Dungkek will find that certain hotels cater specifically to their needs, offering amenities like children's play areas and spacious rooms. These family-friendly options ensure that younger travellers are entertained and comfortable, allowing parents to relax and enjoy their holiday. Identifying these properties is key for a smooth and enjoyable family vacation in the region.
Bintang Jaya Hotel
Bintang Jaya Hotel, a 3-star hotel in Kota Sumenep, is a great choice for families visiting Dungkek. It features a dedicated children's play area, ensuring that younger guests have a fun and engaging environment. Priced at approximately ₱788.81 per night, it offers excellent value for families looking for comfortable and convenient accommodation in the heart of Sumenep, with easy access to local attractions and amenities.
Food & Dining
Culinary Delights of Dungkek
Dungkek, located within the rich culinary landscape of Indonesia, offers a distinct gastronomic journey that reflects its East Javanese heritage. While sharing commonalities with broader Indonesian cuisine, Dungkek presents unique local specialties that are a must-try for any visitor. Dishes often feature fresh, local ingredients, prepared with traditional spices and cooking methods that have been passed down through generations, offering an authentic taste of the region's culture.
A significant aspect of Dungkek's food scene is its emphasis on seafood, given its proximity to coastal areas, and its use of aromatic spices. Popular dishes might include various preparations of fish, often grilled or stewed with local herbs, and rice dishes that are staples across Indonesia but prepared with regional variations. For Muslim travellers, finding Halal options is generally straightforward, as Indonesia is a predominantly Muslim country, and most eateries in Dungkek will adhere to Halal practices.
Exploring the local markets, such as Pasar Candi, is an excellent way to experience the authentic flavours of Dungkek. Here, you can find a variety of street food stalls offering local snacks, traditional sweets, and simple, hearty meals at very affordable prices. For a more formal dining experience, restaurants in Kota Sumenep offer a wider range of dishes, from local favourites to more international-inspired fare, catering to diverse palates.
Dining in Dungkek offers remarkable value for international travellers. Street food meals can cost as little as ₱50-₱100 (approximately $1-2 USD), while a meal at a mid-range local restaurant might range from ₱150-₱300 (approximately $3-6 USD). Even more upscale dining experiences remain significantly more affordable than in Western countries, allowing visitors to indulge in the local cuisine without straining their budget. Tipping is not customary in most local eateries, but a small gesture of appreciation is always welcome.
Local Etiquette & Safety
Navigating Dungkek's Cultural Nuances
Understanding and respecting local customs is crucial for a smooth and enriching experience in Dungkek. As in much of Indonesia, politeness and a gentle demeanour are highly valued. Greetings are important; a simple "Selamat pagi" (good morning) or "Terima kasih" (thank you) goes a long way. When interacting with locals, especially elders, showing deference is appreciated. It's also customary to use your right hand for giving and receiving items, as the left hand is sometimes considered unclean.
When visiting religious sites or more traditional areas within Dungkek, modest dress is essential. This typically means covering your shoulders and knees. While major tourist spots might be more relaxed, it's always best to err on the side of caution. Photography of people should always be done with permission; a smile and a gesture asking for consent are usually sufficient. Be mindful of public displays of affection, which are generally frowned upon and should be kept to a minimum.
Safety in Dungkek is generally good, with petty crime being uncommon in most areas. However, as with any travel destination, it's wise to take standard precautions. Keep your valuables secure and be aware of your surroundings, especially in crowded markets like Pasar Candi. For transportation, using reputable local taxis or ride-hailing apps like Grab (if available and operational in the region) is recommended. Negotiate taxi fares before starting your journey if a meter is not used.
In case of emergencies, local police can be contacted via emergency numbers. For Filipino travellers, it's advisable to have the contact details for the Philippine Embassy in Jakarta readily available. While Dungkek is a relatively safe region, travel insurance is always recommended to cover any unforeseen medical expenses or emergencies. Staying informed about local conditions and exercising common sense will ensure a safe and enjoyable trip to Dungkek.
Travel Guide
Journeying to Dungkek and Navigating the Region
Reaching Dungkek from the Philippines typically involves flying into a major Indonesian hub like Jakarta (CGK) or Surabaya (SUB), followed by a domestic connection to Sumenep Airport (SUP), which serves the Dungkek region. Flights from Manila (MNL) or Cebu (CEB) to these hubs can range from ₱15,000 to ₱30,000, with total travel time often exceeding 8-12 hours due to layovers. From Sumenep Airport, ground transportation to Dungkek or its surrounding areas can be arranged, usually taking about 30-60 minutes. It is highly recommended to book flight tickets in advance to secure the best fares.
Once you are in Dungkek, getting around is relatively straightforward. Local transportation options include 'ojek' (motorcycle taxis) for short distances, 'bemo' (minibuses) for inter-neighbourhood travel, and local taxis. Ride-hailing apps like Grab may also be available in the more urbanized areas like Kota Sumenep, offering convenience and transparent pricing. For exploring the wider region, renting a car with a driver can be a comfortable and efficient option, especially for day trips to attractions outside the main centres.
The best time to visit Dungkek generally falls within the dry season, from May to September. During these months, the weather is typically sunny and pleasant, with lower humidity, making it ideal for outdoor exploration and sightseeing. The shoulder months of April and October can also offer good weather with fewer crowds. While the wet season (November to March) brings occasional rain, it also means lush landscapes and potentially lower accommodation prices, offering a different kind of travel experience.
Before your trip to Dungkek, ensure you have your passport valid for at least six months beyond your intended stay. The local currency is the Indonesian Rupiah (IDR), and while some larger establishments might accept credit cards, it's essential to carry cash for markets and smaller vendors. Downloading offline maps of the region and a translation app can be incredibly useful. Consider purchasing a local SIM card upon arrival for easier communication and data access.
Visa Information
Entering Indonesia for Your Dungkek Visit
For Philippine passport holders planning to visit Dungkek, which is located in Indonesia, visa requirements are generally straightforward. Indonesian immigration typically grants Filipino citizens visa-free entry for short stays, usually up to 30 days, for tourism purposes. This allows for convenient travel without the need for pre-application. It is crucial, however, to ensure your passport has at least six months of validity remaining from your date of entry into Indonesia.
While visa-free entry is common, it is always prudent to confirm the latest regulations with the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in the Philippines or the Indonesian Directorate General of Immigration before your travel dates. Requirements such as proof of onward travel (return tickets) and sufficient funds to cover your stay may be requested upon arrival. The length of stay permitted under visa-free entry can also be subject to change, so verification is key.
Given that immigration policies can evolve, it is highly recommended that all travellers, including those from the Philippines, verify the most current visa and entry requirements directly with Indonesia's official immigration authorities or their nearest embassy or consulate. This proactive step ensures a smooth arrival process and avoids any last-minute complications. Confirming your entry status before booking flights is a wise practice for any international trip.
Plan Your Dungkek Adventure
Dungkek offers a compelling blend of authentic Indonesian culture, local life, and accessible natural beauty, making it a rewarding destination for travellers seeking an experience beyond the ordinary. Its distinct neighbourhoods, from the bustling Kota Sumenep to the tranquil Batuan, provide diverse settings for exploration, each offering a unique perspective on regional life and traditions. This is a place where genuine interactions and a slower pace allow for a deeper connection with the destination.
Traveloka is your comprehensive partner for exploring Dungkek, offering a wide array of accommodation options to suit every budget and preference. Whether you're looking for budget-friendly stays starting around ₱412.26 per night, comfortable mid-range hotels, or the premium experience of a 4-star property like Myze Hotel Sumenep, we have you covered. We empower travellers from the US, Europe, India, and Africa to discover the best of Dungkek, ensuring value and quality for all. Explore our extensive listings and find the perfect cheap hotels for your Indonesian journey. Enjoy our Best Price Guarantee, 24/7 Live Agent Support, and flexible payment options including credit card, GCash, Maya, and Traveloka PayLater. Plus, earn up to 1.5x Loyalty Cashback. T&Cs Apply.
We invite you to discover the unique charm of Dungkek and experience the warmth of Indonesian hospitality firsthand. With Traveloka, planning your trip is seamless, from booking your flights and accommodation to finding local activities. Our platform is designed to provide you with all the tools you need for a memorable adventure, ensuring you can focus on enjoying the rich culture and beautiful landscapes that Dungkek has to offer. Let us help you craft your perfect Indonesian escape.
All information in this article is accurate as of the date of publication. Prices are subject to change depending on season, availability, and hotel policy.


































