Beneath the bustling streets of modern Hanoi lies a remarkable archaeological treasure that has silently guarded Vietnam's imperial secrets for over a millennium - the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long. This UNESCO World Heritage Site represents far more than ancient ruins; it's a living testament to Vietnam's royal heritage, where the foundations of Vietnamese civilization were literally built, layer upon fascinating layer. In today’s blog, let’s find out all about the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long and its historical charms with Traveloka on your journey here at the lovely capital, Hanoi!

The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long stands as a monumental testament to Vietnam's extraordinary political continuity, having served as the seat of power for an unprecedented 13 consecutive centuries. This UNESCO World Heritage Site, inscribed in 2010, represents far more than ancient ruins - it embodies the very foundation of Vietnamese statehood and cultural identity.

Located in the heart of modern Hanoi, this archaeological marvel spans 18,395 square meters and reveals layers of history from the 7th to 19th centuries. Established in 1010 by Emperor Ly Thai To, the Imperial Citadel was built upon the foundations of a former Chinese fortress dating back to the 7th century, transforming from a defensive outpost into the magnificent center of Vietnamese imperial power.

What makes Thang Long truly extraordinary is its continuous role as a political hub through multiple dynasties - serving as the capital of Dai Viet under the Ly, Tran, and Le dynasties from the 11th to the 18th centuries. The name "Thang Long," meaning "Rising Dragon," was chosen after King Ly Thai To saw a golden dragon ascending in the sky, symbolizing the ascendance of Vietnamese independence and cultural sovereignty.

The World Heritage Site comprises two sections: the archaeological site at 18 Hoang Dieu Street and the central axis of the Nguyen Dynasty's Citadel of Hanoi, which together create an integrated heritage complex.

Since systematic excavations began in 2002, archaeologists have uncovered millions of artifacts, palace foundations, ancient roads, and countless treasures that provide unprecedented insight into Vietnamese imperial life and urban planning across more than a millennium.

The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long opens daily from 8AM to 5PM, with entrance fee like the following:

To get here, you can choose multiple options such as using public buses, a ride-hailing app like Grab or Xanh SM (they use electric cars) or drive yourself here. Whichever way you feel comfortable for the journey.

1. Historical meaning: When the Ly dynasty built Thang Long in 1010 AD on the site of the former northern protectorate at Dai La, they were not only building a capital but also declaring the firm independence of Vietnam. This bold architectural act transformed a site that had once been a symbol of foreign domination into the magnificent heart of the newly independent Dai Viet kingdom. Each stone laid was an act of sovereignty, each courtyard a tribute to independence.

2. Architectural evolution: The citadel's architecture tells a captivating story of Vietnamese artistic evolution across centuries, through three dynastic styles. The citadel's architecture reveals Vietnam's transformation through its evolving dragon motifs: gentle Ly Dynasty dragons nestled in lotus petals reflected Buddhist peace, while victorious Tran Dynasty dragons grew fierce with five sharp claws after defeating Mongol invasions, and finally Le Dynasty dragons became formally majestic in Confucian restraint, carved alongside golden-glazed wooden beams and blue-green glazed tiles that created the classic Vietnamese imperial color palette. Most intriguingly, archaeologists discovered unique "hexagonal tower" foundations - six circular bases arranged around central squares - creating pleasure pavilions where emperors once contemplated their realm.

3. UNESCO Recognition: The site is one of the ten special national heritage sites proclaimed by the Prime Minister in 2009 and was inscribed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO's World Heritage Committee in 2010. Its Outstanding Universal Values are reflected in its historical longevity, its continuous role as a seat of power, and its multiple cultural layers

The Doan Mon is the southern entrance to the imperial palace and one of the best-preserved structures in the complex. This grand gate, constructed from layered stone and brick, served as the principal entryway for the emperor and high-ranking officials. It features five arched entrances, with the central passage reserved exclusively for the monarch. Above the main entrance, the words "Doan Mon" are carved on a stone plaque, marking its historical significance as a royal entrance.

One of Hanoi's most recognizable landmarks, the Hanoi Flag Tower, was constructed in 1812 during the Nguyễn dynasty as a military watchtower. Standing at 33.4 meters high, it comprises three tiers, each progressively smaller, leading up to the octagonal tower where the Vietnamese flag is proudly displayed. The tower was one of the few structures in Hanoi to survive French colonial destruction, making it a rare and significant relic.

The Kinh Thien Palace was the political and spiritual heart of the Imperial Citadel, where emperors held court, conducted ceremonies, and managed state affairs. Though the original structure was largely destroyed during the colonial period, the remaining stone foundation and staircase provide a glimpse into its former grandeur. The large dragon-carved steps, adorned with intricate motifs, reflect the royal symbolism and craftsmanship of the Le dynasty.

The Cua Bac (Northern Gate) is a historic structure that still bears battle scars from the French invasion in the 19th century. This massive brick and stone gate once served as a critical defensive structure, protecting the citadel from northern invasions. Visitors can still see cannonball marks on its walls, testifying to its resilience.

During the Vietnam War, the D67 House served as the headquarters for the Central Military Commission and General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army. This secretive underground bunker played a crucial role in planning key military campaigns, including the Tet Offensive of 1968. Recent 2025 visitors particularly praise this section, noting "what we found most fascinating were the military bunkers used by the North Vietnamese during the Vietnam/American War. It's as if they've just stepped out of the room".

The archaeological sites within the Thang Long Citadel complex are among the most fascinating areas to explore. Excavations have uncovered the remnants of ancient royal palaces, roads, and wells, some dating back to the 7th century. Visitors can view ceramic tiles, bronze coins, dragon-shaped roof decorations, and even remains of the grand halls where emperors once held court.

Your ticket to the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long offers access to unique art exhibits in historic spaces: Thang Long – Hanoi Exhibit: Explore 1,300 years of history through 215 artifacts. Royal Treasures Exhibit: Features 29 key artifacts excavated since 2002. Vietnamese Folk Paintings Exhibit: Explore 50 traditional artworks.

For a truly mesmerizing experience, consider the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long Night Tour. Under the soft glow of lanterns, the ancient structures take on a mystical appearance, offering a different perspective from daytime visits. The "Decoding Thang Long Imperial Citadel" night tour offers a unique way to explore this UNESCO World Heritage Site in Hanoi with interactive activities, stunning light displays, and cultural performances.

The ideal time to visit the Thang Long Imperial Citadel is during the spring (March - April) and autumn (September - November) when the weather is pleasant and cool. Summers can be hot and humid, while winter months are mild but may experience occasional drizzle. These two seasons are perfect for avoiding the summer heat and heavy rains. Fewer crowds during these times also allow for a peaceful and enjoyable exploration.

As the Imperial Citadel is a historic and cultural site, visitors are encouraged to wear modest and respectful attire. Avoid shorts, sleeveless tops, and overly casual clothing. Comfortable walking shoes are recommended as the site covers a large area with uneven terrain.

Behind the innocuous name "Hoa Lo," which translates to "fiery furnace," lies one of Vietnam's most emotionally charged historical sites. Originally constructed by French colonial authorities in 1896 to house Vietnamese political prisoners fighting for independence, this fortress-like structure later gained international notoriety as the "Hanoi Hilton" during the Vietnam War, where American prisoners of war were held.

The museum's exhibits chronicle the harsh conditions endured by Vietnamese revolutionaries under French rule, displaying cramped cells, leg irons, and the guillotine once used for executions. The complex narrative continues with displays about American POWs, presenting Vietnam's perspective on this controversial chapter while acknowledging the human cost of conflict.

Today, this sobering museum serves as both a memorial to those who suffered within its walls and a powerful reminder of the price of freedom, challenging visitors to confront the darker aspects of colonial rule and wartime imprisonment.

The Temple of Literature is Vietnam's first university, emerging from the bustling streets of Hanoi as a tranquil oasis of learning and Confucian tradition. Established in 1070 and dedicated to literature, education, and the veneration of Confucius, the Temple of Literature represents over a millennium of Vietnamese scholarly pursuit. Its five courtyards unfold like chapters in a book, each revealing layers of architectural beauty and historical significance.

The temple's most treasured features include the ancient stelae of doctorate holders, stone tablets honoring Vietnam's earliest scholars that have survived centuries of war and weathering. Visitors today can wander through peaceful gardens where ancient trees provide shade for contemplation, examine traditional Vietnamese architecture at its finest, and gain insight into the deep respect for education that has shaped Vietnamese culture for generations.

*P.S: They also have a very interesting night-show here, make sure you experience it on the way here!

The Vietnam Military History Museum is one of Vietnam's most significant repositories of military heritage. It recently relocated to a spectacular new facility that opened in November 2024. Now situated at Km 6+500 Thang Long Boulevard in Nam Tu Liem District, this state-of-the-art museum spans nearly 39 hectares and represents a monumental upgrade from its previous location at 28A Dien Bien Phu Street in Ba Dinh District, which closed to visitors on September 30, 2024.

The impressive new complex features a four-story main building covering 23,198 square meters, crowned by a striking 45-meter Victory Tower that symbolizes the heroism and resilience of the Vietnamese people throughout their military history. With modern architectural design blending traditional and contemporary elements, the museum houses tens of thousands of artifacts, documents, and exhibits that chronicle Vietnam's military journey from ancient times through the Ho Chi Minh era.

Visitors can explore meticulously curated indoor galleries displaying everything from ancient weapons and battle strategies to captured French colonial equipment and remnants of American aircraft, while expansive outdoor exhibition areas showcase large-scale military hardware, including Soviet MiG fighters, tanks, and artillery pieces that played pivotal roles in Vietnam's struggles for independence and reunification.

1. Is the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long worth visiting?

Absolutely—this is the only place on Earth where you can walk through 13 centuries of uninterrupted political power, from ancient Chinese fortresses to modern Vietnamese independence, all layered like a historical lasagna beneath your feet.

2. How long to spend at Imperial Citadel?

Plan 2-3 hours to properly explore both the above-ground dragon staircases and the underground archaeological time machine, or book the magical night tour where ancient stones come alive with light shows and royal performances.

3. What does "thang long" mean in Vietnamese?

Thang Long" means "Ascending Dragon," named after the legendary golden dragon that Emperor Ly Thai To saw rising from the Red River when he chose this spot as his capital in 1010 AD.

We hope the blog has given you great information that you need to know for your upcoming visit to the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long. If you’re planning to explore more places around the city, don’t forget to read our blogs tailored to your interests. And remember, you can always book flights, hotels and travel activities with amazing deals here on Traveloka!

*P.S: Do regularly check out ourTraveloka Promotions andHow to use Traveloka Promotions for further exciting deals hunting!