Home
/
Cheap Flights Ticket
/
Lubbock Preston Smith International
Route desktop cover image

Cheap Flights From Lubbock Preston Smith International (LBB), Airport in United States

Flights
Airport Transfer
One-way / Round-trip
Multi-city

Need inspiration? Search for flights to anywhere

From
To
No. of Passengers
Seat Class
Search Flights
Price Alerts

Save More with Traveloka Flight Promo! ✈️

Frequently Asked Question

What time should I arrive at the Lubbock Preston Smith International before my flight?
    1. Domestic Flights: Arrive at least 2 hours before departure.
    2. International Flights: Arrive at least 3 hours before departure.
    3. Additional Considerations: Check with your airline for specific recommendations as times can vary depending on the airport and travel season.
How do I find my gate at the Lubbock Preston Smith International?
    1. Boarding Pass: Your gate number is usually printed on your boarding pass.
    2. Airport Monitors: Check the flight information display screens located throughout the airport.
    3. Mobile Apps: Use your airline’s mobile app for real-time updates on gate information.
    4. Airport Staff: Ask airport staff for assistance if you’re unsure.
What are the airport's operating hours?
    1. Varies by Airport: Most major airports operate 24/7, but smaller airports might have limited hours.
    2. Check Online: Visit the airport’s official website for specific operating hours.
    3. Customer Service: Call the airport’s customer service for up-to-date information.
Is there Wi-Fi available at the airport?
    1. Common Availability: Yes, most airports offer free Wi-Fi.
    2. Access Instructions: Look for Wi-Fi signs around the terminal or check the airport’s website for access instructions.
    3. Premium Services: Some airports offer paid premium Wi-Fi options for faster speeds.
What items are not allowed in my carry-on luggage?
    1. Liquids over 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters).
    2. Sharp objects (e.g., knives, scissors).
    3. Flammable items (e.g., lighter fluid, fireworks).
    4. Sporting goods (e.g., baseball bats, ski poles).
    5. Tools (e.g., hammers, wrenches).
Check TSA Guidelines: Refer to the TSA or your country’s aviation security website for a complete list of prohibited items.
What do I need to bring to check-in at the airport?
Domestic Flights:
    1. Government-issued photo ID (e.g., driver’s license, passport).
    2. Boarding pass (either printed or digital).
International Flights:
    1. Valid passport.
    2. Visa (if required for your destination)
    3. Boarding pass.
Additional Documents: Any other documentation required by the destination country or your airline.
Are there any duty-free shops?
    1. Availability: Yes, most international airports have duty-free shops.
    2. Location: Typically located in the international departures area after security.
    3. Operating Hours: Check the airport’s website for specific store hours.
Can I find charging stations for my devices?
    1. Common Availability: Yes, most modern airports provide charging stations.
    2. Locations: Look for charging kiosks or outlets near seating areas, gates, and lounges.
    3. Airport Maps: Refer to airport maps or ask airport staff for locations of charging stations.

Cheap Flights From Lubbock Preston Smith International (LBB), Airport in United States

Basic Information About Lubbock Preston Smith International (LBB/KLBB)

Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport (LBB), also identified by its ICAO code KLBB, serves as the primary air gateway to Lubbock, Texas, in the United States. This airport plays a crucial role in connecting the South Plains region to various domestic destinations.

Located approximately 8 km (5 miles) from Lubbock's city centre, the journey typically takes around 10-15 minutes by car, depending on traffic conditions. Public transport options are also available, providing alternative routes into the city, although journey times may be longer.

Situated in Texas, United States, Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport is a vital transit hub for the region. While not one of the nation's busiest airports in terms of passenger traffic, it remains essential for both business and leisure travel within the area, offering connectivity and convenience for residents and visitors alike.

Lubbock Preston Smith International Terminals & Layout

Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport features one main terminal building that efficiently handles all passenger operations. This single terminal simplifies navigation for travellers, making it easier to find your gate and other essential services.

The terminal is designed to accommodate both arriving and departing passengers, with dedicated areas for check-in, security screening, and baggage claim. You'll find that the layout is straightforward, allowing for a smooth transition from the entrance to your gate. The terminal also houses various amenities, including dining options, shops, and comfortable seating areas.

Inter-terminal transport isn't a concern at Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport, given its single-terminal design. Everything is conveniently located within walking distance, ensuring a hassle-free experience for passengers transferring between flights or accessing different airport facilities.

Airlines & Destinations

Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport is served by several major airlines, primarily focusing on domestic routes within the United States. These airlines provide essential connectivity to larger hubs, allowing passengers to connect to a wider network of destinations. You'll find a mix of legacy carriers and regional airlines operating from LBB.

Popular routes from Lubbock include flights to Dallas/Fort Worth, Houston, and Denver, offering convenient access to major cities and connecting flights to destinations across the country and beyond. While seasonal flights are less common at LBB compared to larger airports, it's always worth checking with individual airlines for any temporary or charter services that may be available.

Lubbock Preston Smith International Facilities & Services

  • Lounges: While specific lounge names may vary, Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport typically offers a comfortable lounge area for eligible passengers. Access rules usually depend on airline status, membership programs, or day-pass availability. Check with your airline for details.
  • Dining & Cafés: A selection of dining options is available, ranging from quick-service cafés to sit-down restaurants. You can find familiar international chains alongside local eateries offering a taste of Texas cuisine.
  • Shopping & Duty-Free: The airport features a variety of shops selling travel essentials, books, magazines, and souvenirs. While duty-free shopping may be limited due to the primarily domestic focus of the airport, you can still find unique local gifts.
  • Free Wi-Fi: Complimentary Wi-Fi is available throughout the terminal, allowing you to stay connected and productive. The login process is usually straightforward, requiring you to accept the terms and conditions.
  • Currency Exchange & ATMs: ATMs are conveniently located throughout the terminal for easy access to cash. Currency exchange services may be limited, so it's advisable to handle currency exchange before arriving at the airport if needed.
  • Medical Services: Basic medical assistance is available at the airport. Contact airport staff or security personnel for assistance in case of a medical emergency.
  • Prayer Rooms/Quiet Rooms: Dedicated prayer or quiet rooms provide a peaceful space for reflection and meditation. These rooms are usually located in a quiet area of the terminal.
  • Kids’ Play Areas: A designated kids' play area helps keep young travellers entertained. This area provides a safe and fun environment for children to burn off energy before their flight.
  • Smoking Areas: Designated smoking areas are available outside the terminal building. Smoking is generally prohibited inside the terminal.
  • Special Assistance for Disabled Passengers: Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport is committed to providing assistance to passengers with disabilities. Contact your airline in advance to arrange for wheelchair assistance, priority boarding, or other necessary accommodations.

Transport to and from Lubbock Preston Smith International

Navigating to and from Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport (LBB), also known as KLBB, is relatively straightforward, with several options catering to different needs and preferences. Whether you're heading into the heart of Lubbock, Texas, or further afield, understanding your transport choices is key.

  • Taxi & Ride-hailing: Taxis are readily available outside the terminal building. Ride-hailing services offer a convenient alternative. Fares to downtown Lubbock are generally consistent, but it's always wise to confirm the estimated fare before commencing your journey.
  • Public Buses: Citibus provides public transportation services connecting the airport to various parts of Lubbock. Route information, fare details, and schedules are available on the Citibus website or at the airport information desk. Buses offer an economical option, though journey times may be longer compared to taxis or ride-hailing.
  • Airport Shuttle Buses: Several hotels and private companies offer shuttle services to and from LBB. These often require pre-booking and can be a convenient option if your accommodation provides this service. Check with your hotel directly for availability and scheduling.
  • Car Rentals: Major car rental agencies operate at Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport. Pre-booking is recommended, especially during peak travel periods, to ensure availability and potentially secure better rates. Having your own vehicle provides maximum flexibility for exploring Lubbock and the surrounding Texas region.
  • Parking: LBB offers both short-term and long-term parking options. Short-term parking is located closest to the terminal, ideal for quick drop-offs or pick-ups. Long-term parking provides a more economical solution for extended trips. Rates are clearly displayed at the entrance to the parking areas.

Lubbock Preston Smith International Arrival & Departure Process

Arriving at Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport (LBB) is generally a smooth process. For international arrivals, passengers will first proceed through immigration control, where passports and visas are checked. Following immigration, you'll collect your baggage from the designated carousel. Finally, you'll pass through customs, where declarations are made and baggage may be subject to inspection. Clear signage and airport staff are available to assist you throughout this process.

For domestic arrivals, the process is simpler. After disembarking, follow the signs to baggage claim to collect your luggage. Once you have your bags, you can proceed to ground transportation. Information desks are located in the arrivals area should you require assistance with onward travel or local information.

The departure process at LBB involves several steps. Begin by checking in for your flight, either online or at the airline's check-in counter. After check-in, proceed to the security screening area. Ensure you comply with all security regulations, including the liquids policy. Once through security, you can relax in the departure lounge until your flight is called for boarding. Listen for announcements and check the departure screens for any updates to your flight schedule or gate information.

Travel Tips

To ensure a smooth and stress-free experience at Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport (LBB), consider these helpful travel tips.

  • Best Time to Travel Through the Airport: To avoid congestion, try to travel during off-peak hours. Generally, early morning and late evening flights tend to be less crowded. Be aware that holiday seasons and local events can significantly increase passenger numbers.
  • Luggage Tips: Familiarise yourself with your airline's baggage allowance to avoid excess baggage fees. Consider using luggage storage services if you have a long layover and want to explore Lubbock without your bags. Clearly label your luggage with your name, address, and contact information.
  • Safety Tips: Be aware of your surroundings and keep your belongings secure. Only use official taxi ranks or pre-booked ride-hailing services. Avoid accepting assistance from unsolicited individuals offering help with your luggage.
  • Local Customs: Be prepared for standard security checks, including the removal of shoes and belts. Adhere to the liquids policy, which restricts the amount of liquids you can carry in your hand luggage.
  • Weather Considerations: Lubbock experiences variable weather conditions. Check the forecast before you travel and pack accordingly. Be aware that winter storms can sometimes cause flight delays or cancellations.

Attractions & Hotels Near Lubbock Preston Smith International

Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport (LBB) offers convenient access to a range of hotels and attractions. Whether you're looking for a comfortable stay near the airport or seeking to explore the local area during a layover, there are options to suit various preferences.

For those seeking immediate proximity, several airport hotels provide convenient accommodation. These hotels offer amenities such as shuttle services, on-site dining, and comfortable rooms. Alternatively, a wider selection of hotels can be found within a 15-30 minute drive of the airport, particularly in areas like downtown Lubbock and near Texas Tech University. These hotels offer a greater variety of price points and amenities.

If you have some time to spare, Lubbock offers several attractions within easy reach of the airport. Consider visiting the Buddy Holly Center, a museum dedicated to the life and music of the legendary musician. The Museum of Texas Tech University offers a diverse collection of art, history, and science exhibits. For wine enthusiasts, a trip to one of the local wineries is a must. Other popular spots include the National Ranching Heritage Center, the American Wind Power Center, Mackenzie Park, and the Science Spectrum & OMNI Theater. These attractions provide a taste of Lubbock's culture, history, and natural beauty.

If you have any inquiries about Traveloka products (Flight, Hotel, Travel Activities, and so on) or any booking issue, contact the Customer Service team for assistance.

Book with Traveloka

Planning your journey is effortless with Traveloka. From flights to accommodations, travel activities, and transportation, everything is available in one place.

  • Flight: Book flights to your dream destinations with competitive rates and flexible options.
  • Hotel: Choose from a wide range of accommodations to suit your preferences and budget.
  • Travel Activities: Purchase attraction tickets, tour packages, travel essentials like eSIM, pocket WiFi rentals, and many more. Perfect for memorable trip!
  • Car Rental: For flexibility and comfort, consider using this service to explore the area at your own pace. Always check the availability before booking.
  • Airport Transfer: Arrange hassle-free transfers from the airport to your hotel or directly to your destinations.

Ensure to check availability and book in advance to secure the best deals.

Why Book with Traveloka

  • Best Price Guarantee: Traveloka offers competitive prices for all travel activities. Make sure to check Traveloka's HargaBAGUS. If you found a cheaper price/better deal of Flight tickets and/or Hotels elsewhere, submit the claim, and Traveloka will cover the price gap! Find out more about HargaBAGUS and start your affordable travel today!
  • Comprehensive Travel Solutions: From flights and hotels to ground transportation and attractions, everything is available on one platform.
  • Daily Promotions: Enjoy daily deals and discounts to make your travel more affordable.
  • New User Coupons: First-time users can avail special coupons for additional savings.
  • Traveloka Points: Earn points on every transaction, which can be redeemed for discounts on future bookings.
  • Traveloka Priority: Gain access to exclusive benefits and a simplified booking process for a premium experience.

Join thousands of happy travellers who have planned their dream holidays with Traveloka! Whether you're booking flights, finding the perfect hotel, or discovering exciting activities — it's all just a tap away. Download the Traveloka app today and enjoy a stress-free travel experience!

“User-Friendly & Worth It”
The app is super easy to use and packed with great deals. Perfect for planning a trip without the stress!
Jenns G.

“Cross-Country Booking Made Easy”
A very user-friendly app with great price offers. I can easily book transport within Malaysia and Indonesia!
Nor I.

“Most Trusted Travel App!”
A reliable app for all my travel needs. Every complaint was handled professionally, and I was really satisfied with the compensation given for a minor error.
Marisa K.

Basic Information About Lubbock Preston Smith International (LBB/KLBB)

Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport (LBB), also identified by its ICAO code KLBB, serves as the primary air gateway to Lubbock, Texas, in the United States. This airport plays a crucial role in connecting the South Plains region to various domestic destinations.

Located approximately 8 km (5 miles) from Lubbock's city centre, the journey typically takes around 10-15 minutes by car, depending on traffic conditions. Public transport options are also available, providing alternative routes into the city, although journey times may be longer.

Situated in Texas, United States, Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport is a vital transit hub for the region. While not one of the nation's busiest airports in terms of passenger traffic, it remains essential for both business and leisure travel within the area, offering connectivity and convenience for residents and visitors alike.

Lubbock Preston Smith International Terminals & Layout

Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport features one main terminal building that efficiently handles all passenger operations. This single terminal simplifies navigation for travellers, making it easier to find your gate and other essential services.

The terminal is designed to accommodate both arriving and departing passengers, with dedicated areas for check-in, security screening, and baggage claim. You'll find that the layout is straightforward, allowing for a smooth transition from the entrance to your gate. The terminal also houses various amenities, including dining options, shops, and comfortable seating areas.

Inter-terminal transport isn't a concern at Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport, given its single-terminal design. Everything is conveniently located within walking distance, ensuring a hassle-free experience for passengers transferring between flights or accessing different airport facilities.

Airlines & Destinations

Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport is served by several major airlines, primarily focusing on domestic routes within the United States. These airlines provide essential connectivity to larger hubs, allowing passengers to connect to a wider network of destinations. You'll find a mix of legacy carriers and regional airlines operating from LBB.

Popular routes from Lubbock include flights to Dallas/Fort Worth, Houston, and Denver, offering convenient access to major cities and connecting flights to destinations across the country and beyond. While seasonal flights are less common at LBB compared to larger airports, it's always worth checking with individual airlines for any temporary or charter services that may be available.

Lubbock Preston Smith International Facilities & Services

  • Lounges: While specific lounge names may vary, Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport typically offers a comfortable lounge area for eligible passengers. Access rules usually depend on airline status, membership programs, or day-pass availability. Check with your airline for details.
  • Dining & Cafés: A selection of dining options is available, ranging from quick-service cafés to sit-down restaurants. You can find familiar international chains alongside local eateries offering a taste of Texas cuisine.
  • Shopping & Duty-Free: The airport features a variety of shops selling travel essentials, books, magazines, and souvenirs. While duty-free shopping may be limited due to the primarily domestic focus of the airport, you can still find unique local gifts.
  • Free Wi-Fi: Complimentary Wi-Fi is available throughout the terminal, allowing you to stay connected and productive. The login process is usually straightforward, requiring you to accept the terms and conditions.
  • Currency Exchange & ATMs: ATMs are conveniently located throughout the terminal for easy access to cash. Currency exchange services may be limited, so it's advisable to handle currency exchange before arriving at the airport if needed.
  • Medical Services: Basic medical assistance is available at the airport. Contact airport staff or security personnel for assistance in case of a medical emergency.
  • Prayer Rooms/Quiet Rooms: Dedicated prayer or quiet rooms provide a peaceful space for reflection and meditation. These rooms are usually located in a quiet area of the terminal.
  • Kids’ Play Areas: A designated kids' play area helps keep young travellers entertained. This area provides a safe and fun environment for children to burn off energy before their flight.
  • Smoking Areas: Designated smoking areas are available outside the terminal building. Smoking is generally prohibited inside the terminal.
  • Special Assistance for Disabled Passengers: Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport is committed to providing assistance to passengers with disabilities. Contact your airline in advance to arrange for wheelchair assistance, priority boarding, or other necessary accommodations.

Transport to and from Lubbock Preston Smith International

Navigating to and from Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport (LBB), also known as KLBB, is relatively straightforward, with several options catering to different needs and preferences. Whether you're heading into the heart of Lubbock, Texas, or further afield, understanding your transport choices is key.

  • Taxi & Ride-hailing: Taxis are readily available outside the terminal building. Ride-hailing services offer a convenient alternative. Fares to downtown Lubbock are generally consistent, but it's always wise to confirm the estimated fare before commencing your journey.
  • Public Buses: Citibus provides public transportation services connecting the airport to various parts of Lubbock. Route information, fare details, and schedules are available on the Citibus website or at the airport information desk. Buses offer an economical option, though journey times may be longer compared to taxis or ride-hailing.
  • Airport Shuttle Buses: Several hotels and private companies offer shuttle services to and from LBB. These often require pre-booking and can be a convenient option if your accommodation provides this service. Check with your hotel directly for availability and scheduling.
  • Car Rentals: Major car rental agencies operate at Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport. Pre-booking is recommended, especially during peak travel periods, to ensure availability and potentially secure better rates. Having your own vehicle provides maximum flexibility for exploring Lubbock and the surrounding Texas region.
  • Parking: LBB offers both short-term and long-term parking options. Short-term parking is located closest to the terminal, ideal for quick drop-offs or pick-ups. Long-term parking provides a more economical solution for extended trips. Rates are clearly displayed at the entrance to the parking areas.

Lubbock Preston Smith International Arrival & Departure Process

Arriving at Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport (LBB) is generally a smooth process. For international arrivals, passengers will first proceed through immigration control, where passports and visas are checked. Following immigration, you'll collect your baggage from the designated carousel. Finally, you'll pass through customs, where declarations are made and baggage may be subject to inspection. Clear signage and airport staff are available to assist you throughout this process.

For domestic arrivals, the process is simpler. After disembarking, follow the signs to baggage claim to collect your luggage. Once you have your bags, you can proceed to ground transportation. Information desks are located in the arrivals area should you require assistance with onward travel or local information.

The departure process at LBB involves several steps. Begin by checking in for your flight, either online or at the airline's check-in counter. After check-in, proceed to the security screening area. Ensure you comply with all security regulations, including the liquids policy. Once through security, you can relax in the departure lounge until your flight is called for boarding. Listen for announcements and check the departure screens for any updates to your flight schedule or gate information.

Travel Tips

To ensure a smooth and stress-free experience at Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport (LBB), consider these helpful travel tips.

  • Best Time to Travel Through the Airport: To avoid congestion, try to travel during off-peak hours. Generally, early morning and late evening flights tend to be less crowded. Be aware that holiday seasons and local events can significantly increase passenger numbers.
  • Luggage Tips: Familiarise yourself with your airline's baggage allowance to avoid excess baggage fees. Consider using luggage storage services if you have a long layover and want to explore Lubbock without your bags. Clearly label your luggage with your name, address, and contact information.
  • Safety Tips: Be aware of your surroundings and keep your belongings secure. Only use official taxi ranks or pre-booked ride-hailing services. Avoid accepting assistance from unsolicited individuals offering help with your luggage.
  • Local Customs: Be prepared for standard security checks, including the removal of shoes and belts. Adhere to the liquids policy, which restricts the amount of liquids you can carry in your hand luggage.
  • Weather Considerations: Lubbock experiences variable weather conditions. Check the forecast before you travel and pack accordingly. Be aware that winter storms can sometimes cause flight delays or cancellations.

Attractions & Hotels Near Lubbock Preston Smith International

Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport (LBB) offers convenient access to a range of hotels and attractions. Whether you're looking for a comfortable stay near the airport or seeking to explore the local area during a layover, there are options to suit various preferences.

For those seeking immediate proximity, several airport hotels provide convenient accommodation. These hotels offer amenities such as shuttle services, on-site dining, and comfortable rooms. Alternatively, a wider selection of hotels can be found within a 15-30 minute drive of the airport, particularly in areas like downtown Lubbock and near Texas Tech University. These hotels offer a greater variety of price points and amenities.

If you have some time to spare, Lubbock offers several attractions within easy reach of the airport. Consider visiting the Buddy Holly Center, a museum dedicated to the life and music of the legendary musician. The Museum of Texas Tech University offers a diverse collection of art, history, and science exhibits. For wine enthusiasts, a trip to one of the local wineries is a must. Other popular spots include the National Ranching Heritage Center, the American Wind Power Center, Mackenzie Park, and the Science Spectrum & OMNI Theater. These attractions provide a taste of Lubbock's culture, history, and natural beauty.

If you have any inquiries about Traveloka products (Flight, Hotel, Travel Activities, and so on) or any booking issue, contact the Customer Service team for assistance.

Book with Traveloka

Planning your journey is effortless with Traveloka. From flights to accommodations, travel activities, and transportation, everything is available in one place.

  • Flight: Book flights to your dream destinations with competitive rates and flexible options.
  • Hotel: Choose from a wide range of accommodations to suit your preferences and budget.
  • Travel Activities: Purchase attraction tickets, tour packages, travel essentials like eSIM, pocket WiFi rentals, and many more. Perfect for memorable trip!
  • Car Rental: For flexibility and comfort, consider using this service to explore the area at your own pace. Always check the availability before booking.
  • Airport Transfer: Arrange hassle-free transfers from the airport to your hotel or directly to your destinations.

Ensure to check availability and book in advance to secure the best deals.

Why Book with Traveloka

  • Best Price Guarantee: Traveloka offers competitive prices for all travel activities. Make sure to check Traveloka's HargaBAGUS. If you found a cheaper price/better deal of Flight tickets and/or Hotels elsewhere, submit the claim, and Traveloka will cover the price gap! Find out more about HargaBAGUS and start your affordable travel today!
  • Comprehensive Travel Solutions: From flights and hotels to ground transportation and attractions, everything is available on one platform.
  • Daily Promotions: Enjoy daily deals and discounts to make your travel more affordable.
  • New User Coupons: First-time users can avail special coupons for additional savings.
  • Traveloka Points: Earn points on every transaction, which can be redeemed for discounts on future bookings.
  • Traveloka Priority: Gain access to exclusive benefits and a simplified booking process for a premium experience.

Join thousands of happy travellers who have planned their dream holidays with Traveloka! Whether you're booking flights, finding the perfect hotel, or discovering exciting activities — it's all just a tap away. Download the Traveloka app today and enjoy a stress-free travel experience!

“User-Friendly & Worth It”
The app is super easy to use and packed with great deals. Perfect for planning a trip without the stress!
Jenns G.

“Cross-Country Booking Made Easy”
A very user-friendly app with great price offers. I can easily book transport within Malaysia and Indonesia!
Nor I.

“Most Trusted Travel App!”
A reliable app for all my travel needs. Every complaint was handled professionally, and I was really satisfied with the compensation given for a minor error.
Marisa K.

For all your unique travel choices, we got you

Popular Routes from Lubbock Preston Smith International

Popular Routes to Lubbock

Popular Airports

Popular Destinations

Popular Routes

Popular Airlines

Popular Airline & Destination


Traveloka Sdn Bhd (Registration No. 201501003122), Level 14 Tower 2, Menara Kembar Bank Rakyat, 33 Jalan Rakyat Brickfields, 50470 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Copyright © 2025 Traveloka. All rights reserved