Cabin baggage (also called carry-on) is the bag you bring with you into the passenger cabin. It stays with you during the flight.
Check-in baggage is the baggage that is placed in the cargo compartment during your flight, and picked up at the baggage claim after landing.
Your baggage allowance may include both types, depending on your airline and ticket type.
You can check your baggage allowance, including how much you can bring for cabin and checked baggage, when booking your flight or after your e-ticket is issued. Please refer to this article: How to check my baggage allowance